Relationship between waist circumference and elevation of carotid intima-media thickness in newly-diagnosed diabetic patients / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Waist circumference, as a brief indicator of visceral obesity, is associated with multi-metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed to find out the relationship between waist circumference and carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT), as well as the best waist circumference cutoff for identifying C-IMT elevation in Chinese male patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred and seventy-eight patients from Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University were enrolled. Both physical examination (for measurement of waist circumference) and carotid ultrasonography (for measurement of C-IMT) were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After grouping according to the quartiles of C-IMT, the waist circumference increased across all its quartiles. The waist circumference in 3rd and 4th quartiles (90.7±9.8 cm and 90.8±9.6 cm) was significant higher than in 1st and 2nd quartiles (P<0.05). When subjects were divided into 4 groups according to waist circumference, the C-IMT of subjects with waist circumference 90-95 cm was significant higher than that of subjects with waist circumference 85-90 cm and less than 85 cm respectively (P<0.05). Both spearman and partial correlation analysis showed that C-IMT was positively correlated with waist circumference (P<0.01). C-IMT was found significantly elevated with the increase of waist circumference. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that waist circumference was one of the independent risk factors of C-IMT. After an average of 2.23±0.85 years follow up, there was a significant elevation of C-IMT in the group with baseline waist circumference over 90 cm P<0.05), while no significant difference was detected in the group with baseline waist circumference less than 90 cm (P=0.27). Logistic regression showed that baseline waist circumference over 90 cm was associated with a relative risk to C-IMT elevation of 1.132 (95% CI 1.043-1.431, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Among newly-diagnosed diabetic male patients, waist circumference over 90 cm not only reflects sub-clinical atherosclerosis in early stage, but also predicts the progression of atherosclerosis.</p>

Liver enzymes concentrations are closely related to prediabetes: findings of the Shanghai Diabetes Study II (SHDS II) / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of liver enzymes with hyperglycemia in a large population in Shanghai and identify the association between liver enzymes and insulin resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 3 756 participants were enrolled. Each participant underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and completed a questionnaire. Anthropometric indices were recorded and serum samples were collected for measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Liver enzymes concentrations were independently associated with i-IGT, IFG+IGT, and diabetes. With the increase of ALT and GGT concentrations, ORs for i-IGT, IFG+IGT, and diabetes increased gradually. By comparing patients in the highest quartile of GGT concentrations or ALT concentrations with those in the lowest quartile (Q1), ORs for i-IGT, IFG+IGT, or diabetes was significant after adjustment. Both ALT and GGT concentrations were linearly correlated with HOMA-IR and independently associated with HOMA-IR [ALT OR (95% CI): 2.56 (1.51-4.34) P=0.00; GGT OR (95% CI): 2.66 (1.53-4.65) P=0.00].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum ALT and GGT concentrations were closely related to pre-diabetes and diabetes in the Shanghai population and positively associated with insulin resistance.</p>

Characteristics of obesity and its related disorders in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Obesity is a medical condition with excess body fat accumulation to the extent which leads to serious health consequences. Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity, refers to the presence of excess fat in the abdominal area. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, contributes to many metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years worldwide. In China, more than one-third of adults are overweight or obese and 10%-20% of all adults are affected by MetS. The pathogenesis underlying the abdominal obesity remains unclear. The ultimate health outcome of obesity and its related metabolic disorders haveprompted physicians to take aggressive treatments (lifestyle changes, pharmacological interventions and surgical therapies) before a serious consequence becomes clinically apparent. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenesis and clinic features of obesity in China.

Primary assessment of enzymatic measurement of glycated albumin / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of glycated albumin(GA),a parameter in reflection of recent glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Four hundred and forty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in our hospital from May to November 2006 were enrolled into the study.The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2-hour blood glucose(P2hBG) and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were measured,the enzymatic measurement of GA was conducted and the CGMS was performed.The correlation between GA and the other parameters monitored was analysed. Results The correlation analysis indicated that GA was well correlated with HbA1c(r=0.818,P0.05),respectively for those with HbA1c more than 7.5%,between 6.5% and 7.5%,and less than 6.5%. Conclusion GA is well correlated with HbA1c,especially in those with poor glycemic control for a long time.The correlation between GA and long-term glycemic control is stronger than that between GA and instant plasma glucose or MBG in three days.

Characteristics and clinical significance of daily blood glucose profiles of insulinoma detected by continuous glucose monitoring system / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To analyse the characterisitics of daily blood glucose profiles of insulinoma using continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) and to investigate the value of CGMS in the diagnosis of insulinoma. Methods The blood glucose of 6 patients with pathologically-confirmed insulinoma(insulinoma group) were detected by CGMS for 3 consecutive days.The mean blood glucose(MBG),M-value of Schlichtkrull(M-value),frequency distribution of glucose levels and the hypoglycemic episodes of CGMS were measured,and the results were compared with those of normal glucose regulation(n=6,control group) and patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes with reactive hypoglycemia(n=5,diabetes group). Results The M-value of insulinoma group was significantly higher than that of control group(P0.05).The M-value and MBG of diabetes group were higher than those of insulinoma group and control group(P